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The Role of DNA Repair in the Onset and Therapy of Ovarian Cancer
Tomášová, Kristýna ; Vodička, Pavel (advisor) ; Čáp, Michal (referee)
DNA repair and DNA damage response are very important biological systems, inevitable to maintain genomic stability and fidelity of the genetic information, for the onset of ovarian cancer. Further, DNA repair is also substantially involved in the response to the therapy, since many chemotherapeutics act as DNA damaging agents. This literary analysis is intended to survay the relevance of DNA repair to ovarian carcinogenesis. Special emphasis is placed on repair defects, as it is inextricably associated with the onset of cancer and treatment outcome. Apart from well-known alternations in ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in homologous recombination repair, ample space will be dedicated to less common gene mutations across different repair pathways. Research confirms that abnormalities in the proteins responsible for homologous recombination repair are the leading cause of ovarian cancer. The majority of authors also suggested that targeting DNA repair pathways, especially base excision repair, can improve chemotherapy efficiency in a synergic manner. The same applies to nucleotide excision repair, which repairs platinum-DNA adducts and thus contibutes to platinum drugs resistance emerging. By way of contrast, mismatch repair in ovarian cancer is rather poorly...
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The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynecological cancers.
KOSOVÁ, Lucie
Cancers are a global health problem, which occurs over time, to the development of treatments and preventive measures. It is generally characterized by the action of ionizing radiation on radiotherapy to the target volumes, where appropriate, on the likely routes of spread of the tumor and its metastasis. The objective of treatment is to remove the tumor deposit at the maximum investigation of healthy tissue. Gynecological tumors are the most common cancer disease among women. Among gynecological tumors includes tumors of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body and ovary. In the course of treatment is a response of the body to radiation and its negative effects are manifested in the form of early or late symptoms. Both early and late symptoms are dependent on the size of dose, fractionation, the target volume and the overall condition of the patient. In the Bachelor's thesis is handled by a research question: has radiotherapy a unique place in the treatment of gynecological cancers? For the evaluation of research questions was obtained the data from the computer system in the department of radioteraphy in regional Hospital České Budějovice and an overview of patients treated for gynecologic tumors from the year 2012 and 2013, their age, diagnosis, technice of irradiation, total applied dose, boost, or the radiation dose on paraaortal lymph nodes. Furthermore, it was established, the number of patients had a combination of teleradioteraphy with the brachyteraphy with the diagnosis, the technique and the dose of the exposure. The total laid down three targets. The first objective is to give an overview of the techniques for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. The second objective is to create a file of patients treated within a certain time period in 2012 and 2013. When in 2012 were treated 80 patients and in 2013 were treated 80 patients with a diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. The third objective deals giving an overview of side effects in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. The regional Hospital České Budějovice for radiation treatment uses two linear accelerators CLINAC 2100 C/D with energies 6 and 18 MV radiation X and for the treatment of brachyteraphy is used GAMMAMED 12 with high dose input and a source 192Ir. About the course and how treatment decisions work team of doctors from different clinical disciplines, the subsequent preparation and exposure of patients carry out the radiology assistants in cooperation with the oncological physicians.
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